Feature articles: "The Cruel is the industrious productivity"

The "NZZ" sends a report from Mumbai, where people work in globalization. The "SZ" is disappointed about Ai Weiwei's contribution to the Venice Biennale. And the "Friday" commented the paywall of "image".

From the blogs, 29.05.2013
(Via Ekkehard Knörer) On the night of criticism has been raging for several days an enormous discussion of Jérôme Bel's shown in the theater meeting spectacle "Disabled theater." Matthias Dell has triggered it with an article on the online pages of the Sunday. It's about working with disabled people in the theater: "Bel is his performers with disabilities from - even if every positive review, however takes him right in protection but how else can we understand the commands of a one-dimensional Konzeptkunstgezeiges ('And then Jerome has. Starring asked ... '), which are presented unmoved by a translator, and any reduction of the Bel lived large works, scorn speak in their clarity:. let you watch one minutes Imagine with disabilities. "

Stephen King: No downside to believe in God

The American best-selling author Stephen King has announced in an interview to his faith: "I chose to believe it. There is no disadvantage arises for me out of it if I do not do it. Everything that I experience in and to the creation, in my view, a proof that there is an intelligent Creator. "


Stephen King is the belief not so critical, as you may expect from him

Design or Not

Germany Image: From "sick man" to "reluctant hegemon"
Syria conflict: The "worst case" dilemma of the passive West
New President: Moderate Rohani wins election in Iran
Turkey: After the Taksim Square is the long march
All News
What did Thomas Nagel made wrong? Is the man about dangerous? The latter seems unlikely; nail is Professor of Philosophy at New York University, no item on which you can do much harm. And yet the good people fall all over him at the moment when he threatened with an attack.

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Religion as a science - science as a worldview?

About the attempts to reverse Darwin with the help of a "intelligent designer"
The noise of battle, "Evolution Wars" over penetrates from across the
Atlantic. The "war" to the theory of evolution is a new edition. The
anti-Darwinists party currently listening to the name "intelligent
design". - An ideological battle lines will be seen, which is not
limited to the United States.

Charles Darwin was before mankind the insult inflicted on their
descent from apes, theologian. After completing his Bachelors degree
at Cambridge (1831) he could have become a priest of the Anglican
Church. He had, as one of his biographers imagined to give a
contemporary country parson and his inclination to pursue this study
of nature in comfort. Maybe he would follow in the footsteps of the
great natural theologian William Paley (1743-1805) entered, whose
works on Christian and natural "evidence" test substance belongs to
Darwin's thinking, and had trained much after his own admission. The
researchers, who finds the Sinnige Expedient and nature into the
scientific eye, and the interpreter who would be sure to make a
theological rhyme white, was then united in personal union Darwinian.

It has turned out differently. Knowledge of science and religious
faith go their way, they seem (and not only been a half centuries) is
clearly moving away from each other. Not always of course, they turn
their backs on each other. Occasionally, they turn around curiously,
look each other in the face - and frightening: Indifference is played,
it can not be maintained when everything is at stake, the origin of
man, to the origin and evolution of life, to the beginning the world.
If overcome knowledge and belief the terror of their confrontation not
and does not enter into conversation with each other when they freeze
in the position of potential duelists are soon not to have more
knowledge and belief and science and theology, but ideological powers,
parties in a spiritual civil war. The players then called, for
example, evolutionists and creationists.
No design without a designer?

The creationists, the biblical account of creation literally -
literally - are inclined to take to sail, currently under the banner
of the more contemporary "intelligent design"; toying not only in the
United States, whose president with "ID". This label is linked to the
old continent since the summer also the name of Christoph Schönborn,
after a published in the "New York Times' article from the pen of
Vienna Cardinal - whether rightly or wrongly - as a signal of an
agreement between the Vatican and the teaching of "intelligent design"
has been interpreted.

Design, William Paley wrote, "must have a designer", and in view of
the intricacy and complexity of living nature, it must have been an
intelligent tinkerer. - The familiar argument from design many
variations. It can at least be traced back to Paul, who held up in his
Epistle to the Romans, the wicked, they would have no excuse: let the
invisible things are absolutely and identify with it were mere reason
of the works of God, in His creation (Rom. 1, 20). The "teleological
argument for God," as the argument from design is called in its
classic form classic example is, even more strongly from the
usefulness and perfection of the (animate) Nature: Without an
underlying plan of creation, the marvelous work of art nature is not
unthinkable, of course, not possible.

Today, this kind of evidence for the existence of God is no longer in
the foreground; hear can be the protagonists of "intelligent design"
less than believers because as a skeptic: You doubt the consistency or
validity of scientific theories of their opponents, who - to say it
then some - not would be able to explain how such a highly complex
organ like the eye solely on the basis of mutation and selection, of
chance and "natural selection" have been able to develop. Will be
fought with scientific imaging agents against evolution, and so it
happens that sometimes can also be licensed as a follower of
scientists operate "intelligent design".

This has in the United States - once again - led to a significant
heating of the atmosphere worldviews. In "Evolution Wars" (so ran the
headline, the news magazine "Time") set the 'id' supporters'
representatives to present the theory of evolution. You achieve
success here and there even in their efforts to infiltrate theories of
creation in the guise of 'design' theses in biology classes in state
schools. However, in each case, the courts still have a say (NZZ 28th
9th 05). The old-school creationists were 1968, 1982 and 1987, top
with the judges, the Supreme Court, who watches in the U.S. on the
strict separation of church and state, a rebuff which ultimately
always: creationism, including the cosmetically modified version of
the "Creation Science "had no scientific theory and therefore have no
civil rights in biology classes.

Conversely, in a clarification of the Supreme Court in 1994 explicitly
stated, the theory of evolution, which organized complex creatures
emerged from simpler forms is by no means be classified as a religious
tenet. This was in fact the strategy of anti-Darwinists in previous
years: the theory of evolution, because it "ultimately" be unprovable,
as a matter of faith to make. And if this faith be taught in public
schools, then - so the argument - for reasons of fairness must also
find the belief in a divine origin of life on Earth in the classroom
reflected.

To give way, the anti-Darwinism seems a scientific veneer, but then to
be viable. Finally, the science of self-doubt and live much of new
hypotheses. Evolutionary theories, which are deposited by Darwin,
there are already some without it - why should they not be under the
doctrine of "intelligent design" smuggle? You have to exercise a
little caution and the instance of the "designer" does not already
occupy one of the known candidates from the religious tradition. The
argumentative orientation, which come from the "Discovery Institute"
in Seattle - it brings the brand for several years, "id" among the
people - clearly point in that direction. Toward camouflage.
Nonetheless, the Supreme Court, if he be called into action and should
the line of his previous decisions to remain loyal to one day also on
"Intelligent Design" Not much can judge other than the few years
before, "ID" from the baptism upscale "creation science ".
Escalation, loosening

The efforts to "make Darwin undo" (as the cover story of the current
number of the "Columbia Journalism Review": "Undoing Darwin"), but
would also weaken then probably not. The approval ratings for the
literal understanding of the biblical story of creation in the United
States over the past two decades, consistently high: The Gallup survey
in 2004 showed a 45 percent approval. The special American conditions,
however, it does not close, the emerging situation to be interpreted
as symptomatic: Fine ideological fissures, the "Western" societies
pass through a whole step, across the Atlantic, sometimes produced
harsh as breaklines.

Religious beliefs, then take the turn to the slightly Fundamentalist,
on the other hand, is also the science happy to live active secular
worldview. The signs are unmistakable. There is one, if a scientist to
join together professional associations and interest about the run,
"National Center for Science Education," written on the banners reads:
"Defending the Teaching of Evolution in the Public Schools." Another
is, however, if scientifically minded people to form a movement whose
worldview will be comprehensive and "free of supernatural and mystical
elements."

With such ambitious claims lebensreformerischen advertise "the
Brights" to members (www.the-brights.net). This "bright minds", which
include the aggressive neo-Darwinist Richard Dawkins, to morals and
action on a naturalistic view of life align on a scientific basis. The
company seems to echo Ernst Haeckel founded a century ago, "Monist".
Significantly, see the "Brights", in the Giordano Bruno Foundation, a
German counterpart have found (www.giordano-bruno-stiftung.de), as
marginalized. Similar complaints - they belong to the vocabulary of
ideological rearmament - rise to anti-naturalist side.

This constellation of bizarre is not poor equivalent, - taken out of a
picture book - the counter and another yet legwork tendencies which
Jürgen Habermas in his recently published collection of essays,
"Between Naturalism and Religion" (NZZ 30th 8th 05), initially
registered: In the hard opposition of naturalism and biopolitical
renewed religious consciousness holds sway a "secret complicity". The
liberal political community, if the willingness to self-reflection and
self-restraint on both sides of the matter, by such an "ideological
polarization of labor to some extent at risk" will put.

On polarization can also react with Dadaist loosening. This shows an
action of the young physicist Bobby Henderson, who wafts a hint of
Blasphemy. After the Kansas Board of Education had decided in early
summer to include the theories of "intelligent design" in biology
teaching in the curriculum, called Henderson a new revelation of
religion in life, revered as the supreme being, the "Flying Spaghetti
Monster" (www.boingboing.net ). Found on the Internet, therefore the
same number of supporters of the new cult. The "Pastafarians" now
require for their part of the school board in Kansas revealed the
inclusion of their truths. . . - Be sure that everyone who gets
involved, it also satirically think Henderson can not diffuse and at
times colorful, shimmering religious ease. After all - one of many
examples - even an "International Flat Earth Society" on record,
which, with its persistent belief that the Earth was flat, apparently
by means seriously.
Story of a family quarrel

Final compensation has probably a different method. They relied on the
calming effect that the telling of stories of origin - it must act not
necessary to fairy tales - exerts on troubled souls. The reported
number of relevant works by American philosopher and historian of
science Michael Ruse recounts in his recently published by Harvard
University Press book, "The Evolution-Creation Struggle", the history
of creationism and evolutionism as a story of two feuding brothers
(may be even: twins). Born in the historical situation of a general
crisis of faith in the wake of the Enlightenment, were both with and
against each other grew. They both responded to the uncertainty with
rival explanations of the origins of life, its meaning and of human
behavior.
Open circuit

The family feud comes to a head during the course of this story. At
the end of the book at least from the competition has become a "clash"
- and not a "simple clash between science and religion but rather
between two religions," as the author suggests. The story, which he
gives to the best of everything, but still no real conclusion. The
output is open, writes Ruse, who is a staunch advocate of the theory
of evolution. He hopes that one day the brothers are friends again.
Just is not quite clear how they should be possible. They would have
to agree about only to be both religions or beliefs, "eventually"?
Other apart from everything, would be contrary to the observation that
this building - gives the competition between science and religion,
their ideological impetus - the corresponding expansion for the
comprehensive theory of life.

Perhaps freed the opposite assumption - they would not be new - from
the clinch. Accented would not that in which the squabbling are
related, but that by which they compete, without having to
distinguish: diverging from their responsibilities. As Stephen Jay
Gould, who died a few years ago suggested important evolutionary
theorist, could two radically distinct realms of thought, two
"Magisteria" can be distinguished. In one explores the science, which
is what, in the other guards the religion, the meaning of life and
says what it should be. - Then probably, yes you would have to call it
a misconception that science and faith, evolutionary theory and
religion clash. In truth, namely, they could not come together in the
enclosure, since they lived in different worlds and separated.
Shaking head

It's that simple, is, of course, not again. As it is apparent from
both sides find abuse rather than on each other territory. Although
they are, it seems, can not be avoided, they are able to convince
rare. The encroachment of creationism have a slightly clumsy. Even
there, where he dressed up in science, the theory of "intelligent
design" speaks of him more as the imagination of a technocratic
utopia, which aims to eradicate the chance. The divine "id" instance,
the teaching at Cambridge paleobiologist Simon Conway Morris aptly (in
the "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung" of 16 seventh 05), resembles much
more an engineering than the traditional god of creation, creationism
was "Evolution for control freak".

But the pretensions that come from naturalistic side, are not very
profitable. John Dupré, a philosopher and philosopher of science at
the University of Exeter (Cornwall), would be an example. He has a
book worth reading about "Darwin's Legacy", written in German which
was published this year by Suhrkamp ("Darwin's Legacy"). Although he
dartut how the theory of evolution supplies are much less detailed
biological knowledge, as is commonly assumed, and although he her well
otherwise the wings a little taken aback, Dupré is convinced of one
thing: Darwinism had "the only even remotely plausible reason for the
belief in the existence of God "- namely the argument from design - to
undermine and even gives him the" death blow ".

Dupré does not take into account that there could be other "plausible"
reasons for religious faith. At another point he is just as
superficial. Although he considers it - good science - for "quite
possible" that one day an even better explanation for the biographical
facts would be found, as it provides the theory of evolution. That
such a better explanation, but - who knows - could rehabilitate a God
hypothesis scientifically, it obviously holds for completely
impossible. Such certainty, however, as they can Dupré has to be no
science.

So for the time being, the observer may still shake my head in two
directions: when science goes into crypto-religious belief no less
than when religion becomes a pseudo-scientific fantasy.

clarification of intelligent design

Some clarification of intelligent design wil be done on this web site very soon.